The area model and partial products explained for parents: how Common Core teaches multi-digit multiplication, a drawn worked example, and 3 ten-minute ways to help at home.
In 4th grade, the Common Core asks students to multiply up to four digits by one digit, and two two-digit numbers, "using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations", and to explain the calculation "by using equations, rectangular arrays, and/or area models" (4.NBT.B.5).
The area model draws the problem as a rectangle split by place value. Each small box is one partial product, and adding them gives the answer. Partial products is the same idea written as a list.
In 5th grade students are expected to "fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm" (5.NBT.B.5). The area model shows why the standard algorithm works.
23 × 14 with an area model
| × | 20 | 3 |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 200 | 30 |
| 4 | 80 | 12 |
Pick a problem like 34 × 6. Your child draws the rectangle (30 and 4 along the top, 6 down the side) and fills it in.
Shade a 12 by 13 rectangle on grid paper and split it into 10s and ones. Count the parts to see 156.
Solve one problem with the area model and with the standard algorithm. Same answer?
Methods and tests vary by state and district; your child's teacher is the best guide to what their class uses. Last checked October 2026.
A printable sheet on "Multiplying two-digit numbers with the area model and partial products" with an answer key, ready in about a minute. Free to start.